Enhancing diversity through the use of neglected, underutilized crops and species will not only diversify agro-ecosystems and rotations, but also likely to improve adaptability to extreme climatic conditions, provide resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses and produce harvestable yields where major crops may fail. This will enhance local productivity and yield stability, thus improving local food and nutritional security while sustaining the genetic resources needed to address present and future environmental challenges.