Objectives: In 1994, Dutch Ministry of Development Cooperation (NEDA) asked ILEIA to initiate and facilitate a research programme mandated to make: A participatory assessment of the viability of Low-External-Input and Sustainable Agriculture (LEISA) technologies in different environmental and socioeconomic settings and substantiate this as far as possible with quantitative data. This participatory assessment should include an attempt to understand the processes that lead to changes in farmers' livelihood and land-use strategies.

"Objectives: to improve the efficiency of rain water use in dry environments through the integration of appropriate water-harvesting techniques and the conjunctive use of rain and other
available water resources in the farming systems of these areas. Activities: research on the indigenous water harvesting systems in their respective countries, underlining their past, present, and potential future use."

Objectives: to optimize the use of available crop residues and agro-industrial by-products by
reviving the feed-block technology in the WANA region. Activities: the introduction of feed block technology to increase the supply of supplementary to small ruminants

The authors focus on how social actors engage in processes of learning and doing, how they are
knowing their way into the future. People are seen as cognitive beings who make sense of their
environment. Yet, their environment also directs and pushes their knowing in a particular
direction. This assumes a direct link between social knowing and governance. A case from rural
Cameroon shows how well-intentioned but isolated attempts to strengthen local learning may
backfire. The question is raised as to whether one can speak of good governance of knowing.

The purpose of this sub plenary session is to have an understanding of the knowledge-poverty nexus
and to discuss how this can be translated into concrete partnership programme in agricultural
research for development (ARD).

The Sub-Plenary Sessions are designed to maximize interaction among the members of the different
GFAR stakeholder constituencies in discussing emerging themes around which potential Global
Partnership Programmes (GPPs) can be developed.
It aims to meet the following specific objectives:
1. To discuss the general trends/state-of-the-art on the subject under discussion
2. To identify the key problematique and researchable issues
3. To explore interests and potentials in developing a GPP

This paper presents the work done with Salato Women¿s Group in Ngurunit Community located in
Northern Kenya. The main objectives in the project were to:
¿ Establish a link between research and literature on milk / meat preservation techniques and the
practical ability of pastoralist communities to use this information to produce products for
food security and income generation.
¿ Enhance the capacity of self-help groups to start small scale milk / meat preservation
enterprises on the community level.

The project developed water saving cropping systems that have been demonstrated at 11 original
demonstration sites. More recently four new sites were established in Hebei and new sites at in each
of four neighbouring provinces. These sites have consistently shown that irrigation water for water
saving cropping systems can be reduced by up to 30% as compared to traditional cropping systems
without reduction in yields.
The zero till system of planting corn, introduced by the project, has been adopted by a majority of

The project developed water saving cropping systems that have been demonstrated at 11 original
demonstration sites. More recently four new sites were established in Hebei and new sites at in each
of four neighbouring provinces. These sites have consistently shown that irrigation water for water
saving cropping systems can be reduced by up to 30% as compared to traditional cropping systems
without reduction in yields.
The zero till system of planting corn, introduced by the project, has been adopted by a majority of

This paper presents the work done with Salato Women¿s Group in Ngurunit Community located in
Northern Kenya. The main objectives in the project were to:
¿ Establish a link between research and literature on milk / meat preservation techniques and the
practical ability of pastoralist communities to use this information to produce products for
food security and income generation.
¿ Enhance the capacity of self-help groups to start small scale milk / meat preservation
enterprises on the community level.